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Beyond its coenzyme roles, thiamine and its derivatives contribute to:
Signal modulation – Influencing ion channels and synaptic transmission.
Oxidative stress protection – Acting as an antioxidant and enhancing glutathione status.
Neurotransmitter synthesis – Supporting acetylcholine and GABA pathways, influencing cognition and mood.
Membrane function – Thiamine triphosphate may regulate chloride channels in neurons.
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