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timeline4.3 Non-Coenzyme Functions

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Beyond its coenzyme roles, thiamine and its derivatives contribute to:

  • Signal modulation – Influencing ion channels and synaptic transmission.

  • Oxidative stress protection – Acting as an antioxidant and enhancing glutathione status.

  • Neurotransmitter synthesis – Supporting acetylcholine and GABA pathways, influencing cognition and mood.

  • Membrane function – Thiamine triphosphate may regulate chloride channels in neurons.

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